Publishing

Templatizing micro-Pensions for Africa

Over 600m young informal sector workers across sub-Saharan Africa are not eligible for pension benefits. With increasing life expectancy, a break-down in joint family support systems, and pension exclusion, each of them faces the grim prospect of living in extreme poverty for over 20 years after they are too old to work.

As per the UN, Africa will experience the fastest growth in its elderly population — growing from 69m in 2017 to 226m by 2050. At that time, the cumulative fiscal cost of a tax funded lifelong pension of even $1 a day to these future elderly could be a staggering ~$1.7 trillion. On the other hand, if even 10% of the presently excluded workers began saving a Dollar a day for their old age, they could collectively generate roughly $500 billion in new, long-term savings within the next decade. This could in turn fuel economic growth, infrastructure development and employment across the Continent.

A number of countries across Africa are therefore actively contemplating or implementing new, contributions-led micro-pension programs aimed at achieving broad based social protection, and to reduce vulnerability in old age for their excluded citizens. Importantly, many African nations are remarkably similar to each other in terms of demography, incomes, economic strength, labor markets, history, culture, legal and political structures, and governance. Hence lessons from both success and failure in pension policy and system design, as well as implementation may be highly portable from one country to another within Africa.

‘Templatizing microPensions for Africa’ is a collaborative effort by 25 forward looking policymakers, regulators, aid agencies, pension sector experts, and DFS ecosystem stakeholders. pinBox will release this volume at a global policy-roundtable in mid-2023. The release of the book will coincide with the launch of a roadshow involving workshops and seminars in some countries across Africa. We believe that the book and associated dissemination efforts will foster collaborative and cooperative efforts on pension inclusion, and help develop a replicable digital model that will make saving for old age easy and simple for each excluded worker in each African nation.

Editors

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Parul Seth Khanna

Director and Co-Founder, pinBox Solutions Pte. Ltd.

Co-founder and director of pinBox Solutions, a Singapore-based fintech enterprise committed to supporting digital pension inclusion in developing countries. She also runs the microPension Foundation, an India-based non-profit R&D hub. ...more

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Gautam Bhardwaj

Director and Co-Founder, pinBox Solutions Pte. Ltd.

An Ashoka Fellow and promoter-director of pinBox Solutions, a Singapore-based global social enterprise focused on digital pension inclusion in developing countries. He has over two decades of experience working extensively with governments, regulators ...more

CONTENTS

  • Introduction Parul Seth Khanna and Gautam Bhardwaj
  • Compulsions for expanding pension coverage to Africa’s non-salaried workforce Charles M. Machira Chair, Africa Pension Supervisors Forum
    Dr. Alfred Ouma Shem Director – Research, Strategy and Planning, Retirement Benefits Authority, Kenya Mr. Leonard Audi Apiyo Senior Economist, Retirement Benefits Authority, Kenya
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Section One: Country Experiences

Expanding Pension Coverage to Informal Sector Workers: Policy Outlook and Recent Country Experiences

  • Ghana Hayford Attah Krufi CEO, National Pension Regulatory Authority (NPRA) Ghana Dr John Ashcroft, Director, JA Pensions Consulting
  • Kenya Sundeep Raichura Group Chief Executive Officer, Zamara Richard Muteti President, Jua Kali Federation, and CEO, Confederation of MSMEs for East Africa
  • Nigeria Dr. Umar Farouk Aminu, Commissioner, National Pension Commission (PENCOM), Nigeria Isaiah Owolabi Chief Executive, EFInA, Nigeria
  • Rwanda Agnes Uwanyiligira Chief Programs Officer, Access to Finance Rwanda Dr. Regis Hitimana Deputy Director General in Charge of Benefits Rwanda Social Security Board Herbert Asiimwe Director General, Banking and Non Banking Sector Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Government of Rwanda
  • South Africa Olano Makhubela Divisional Executive, Retirement Funds Supervision Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA), South Africa Alvinah Thela Director, Retirement Savings National Treasury, Government of South Africa
  • Uganda Martin A. Nsubuga Chief Executive Officer Uganda Retirement Benefits Regulatory Authority (URBRA) Joseph Lutwama Director of Programs, FSD Uganda
  • Zambia Engwase Mwale Chief Executive Officer, FSD Zambia Mr. Edwin Sikaitwa Head of Inclusive Insurance, FSD Zambia

Section Two: Demand-side Considerations

Designing targeted micro-pension solutions

  • Making Pensions Work for Women Mayada Elzoghbi Managing Director, KIT Knowledge Institute, The Netherlands
  • Anindita Chakraborty Inclusive finance specialist, Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion
  • Micro-pensions for Overseas Migrant Workers William Joseph Price Chief Executive Officer, D3P Global Premasis Mukherjee Senior Financial Sector Specialist United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)
  • The Pan-European Pension Plan (PEPP) and lessons for Africa Prof. Hans Van Meerten Professor of European Pension Law, Universiteit Utrecht
  • Bridging the Pension and Social Protection Gap for Gig workers Dr. Kai-Uwe Schanz Deputy Managing Director and Head of Research and Foresight The Geneva Association
  • Applying Behavioral Economics to Motivate Voluntary Pension Coverage Manasee Desai Vice President, ideas42.org Lois Naa Aryee Senior Associate, ideas42.org Yashna Gungadurdoss Senior Behavioral Designer, ideas42.org

Section Three: Thematic Issues

DFS infrastructure and ecosystem issues for achieving mass-market voluntary pension coverage and optimizing retirement benefits

  • The Role for Easy Digital Payments in Pension Inclusion Rashmi Pillai Global Head of Public Policy, Wave Mobile Money
  • Templatizing digital micro-pensions for developing countries Parul Seth Khanna Director, pinBox Inclusion, India Smeeta Basak Program Director, Gender Initiatives, pinBox Solutions, Singapore Gautam Bhardwaj Director, pinBox Solutions, Singapore

Authors

The authors are senior policymakers, regulators and independent experts from several developing countries as well as global domain experts, with specialized knowledge and experience of both OECD and developing country pension and financial inclusion environments.

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Dr John Ashcroft

Director, JA Pensions Consulting

John Ashcroft is an independent consultant on pensions regulation and supervision undertaking work for bodies such as the World Bank, OECD, D3P, Crown Agents, IADB and (many programmes for) the Toronto Centre (and sits on their pensions and ...more

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Mr Hayford Attah Krufi

CEO, NPRA Ghana

Mr. Hayford Attah Krufi is the Chief Executive Officer of the National Pensions Regulatory Authority (NPRA), Ghana.

He is a Solicitor and a Barrister and holds a Masters of Arts (MA) Education from London Metropolitan University;...more

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Mr Olano Makhubela

Divisional Executive, Retirement Funds Supervision, Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA), South Africa

Olano Makhubela has been with the National Treasury since 2000. In his 19 years at the National Treasury, he has assisted with the development of Government policy on retirement...more

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Ms Thandazile Alvinah Thela

Director, Retirement Savings at National Treasury of South Africa

Thandazile Alvinah Thela is currently a Director: Retirement Savings, at the National Treasury (RSA) and has been with the government department since 2003. She is responsible for making policy recommendations that ...more

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Mr Martin A. Nsubuga

CEO, Uganda Retirement Benefits Regulatory Authority (URBRA)

A Financial Economist and an expert in financial analysis, Public Debt management, Investment and Non-Bank financial sector policy development. Accomplished policy development ...more

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Mr Joseph Lutwama

Director of Programmes, FSD Uganda

Joseph Sanjula Lutwama is a Certified Digital Finance Practitioner and a holder of a Master of Arts in Economic Policy and Planning from Makerere University. He is currently the Director of Programs at Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) Uganda and previously was the ...more

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Manasee Desai

Vice President, ideas42.org

Manasee Desai is a Vice President at ideas42 where she co-leads the organization’s Financial Health work, which applies tools from behavioral science to the design of financial products and programs for underserved ...more

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Lois Naa Aryee

Senior Associate, ideas42.org

Lois Aryee is a Principal Behavioral Designer at ideas42 where she works with various private sector and government stakeholders to design and implement behavioral interventions with the aim of boosting financial health ...more

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Yashna Gungadurdoss

Senior Behavioral Designer, ideas42.org

Yashna Gungadurdoss is a Senior Behavioral Designer focusing on Financial Health at ideas42, where she leads projects on topics such as consumer protection and over-indebtedness. Previously, she helped launch the Pan-African ...more

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Ms Mayada Elzoghbi

Managing Director, KIT Knowledge Institute, The Netherlands

A 20-year veteran and leader in financial inclusion, Mayada El-Zoghbi became CFI’s Managing Director in September 2019. She leads the vision and strategy for CFI, building on its strong foundation of innovative ...more

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Anindita Chakraborty

Inclusive Finance Specialist, Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion

Anindita Chakraborty is an inclusive finance specialist with nine years of experience in research, ratings, certifications, program implementation, fundraising and partnership development across ...more

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Mr William Price

CEO, D3B Global Pension Consulting

William Price is CEO of D3P Global. He has extensive experience in the public and private sector on regulation, investment, risk and social policy in financial services with a focus on pension and retirement income. Before D3P Global ...more

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Mr Premasis Mukherjee

Senior Financial Sector Specialist, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)

Premasis Mukherjee is an expert in inclusive insurance and pension. He has experience of working in the financial services sector for more than 15 years across Asia and Africa, specializing in designing business models ...more

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Mr Kulin Patel

Senior Consultant, pinBox Solutions

Kulin is a pension and social security expert with over 25 years of experience in the global pension sector. Through his extensive career at some of the largest global pension consultancies across UK, North America and Asia, he has held ...more

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Dr Kai-Uwe Schanz

Deputy Managing Director and Head of Research & Foresight at The Geneva Association

Dr Kai-Uwe Schanz was appointed deputy managing director and head of research and foresight of The Geneva Association in 2019. In this capacity, he also serves as the Secretary ...more

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Prof Dr Hans Van Meerten

Advocaat, GMW advocaten | Professor European Pension Law,Universiteit Utrecht

Prof. Dr. H. van Meerten, (1974) is a professor European Pension Law at Utrecht University and a Dutch bar admitted lawyer. He deals with EU and Dutch Pension - and Financial Law. Hans has extensive knowledge of pension and financial law...more

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Ms. Rashmi Pillai

Global Head of Public Policy, Wave Mobile Money

Ms. Rashmi Pillai is a global executive with 17+ years of experience in impact investing, digital financial services, inclusive and competitive financial markets development and financial markets policy and regulation—across Africa and South Asia. ...more

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Gautam Bhardwaj

Director and Co-Founder, pinBox Solutions Pte. Ltd.

An Ashoka Fellow and promoter-director of pinBox Solutions, a Singapore-based global social enterprise focused on digital pension inclusion in developing countries. He has over two decades of experience working extensively with governments, regulators...more

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Parul Seth Khanna

Director and Co-Founder, pinBox Solutions Pte. Ltd.

Co-founder and director of pinBox Solutions, a Singapore-based fintech enterprise committed to supporting digital pension inclusion in developing countries. She also runs the microPension Foundation, an India-based non-profit R&D hub. ...more

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Smeeta Basak

Program Director, Gender Initiatives, pinBox Solutions Pte. Ltd.

Smeeta has close to two decades of professional experience in behavioural sciences, policy research, analytics and consulting across India, US and UK. In her current role at pinBox, Smeeta is responsible for building the global research and analytics...more

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Dr. Alfred Ouma Shem

Director – Research, Strategy and Planning, Retirement Benefits Authority, Kenya

Dr. Alfred Ouma Shem is the Director, Research, Strategy & Planning at the Retirement Benefits Authority (RBA) since 2014. He was previously the Manager and Head of Financial Access and Inclusion Section of the Financial Inclusion & Stability Division....more

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Mr. Leonard Audi Apiyo

Senior Economist, Retirement Benefits Authority, Kenya

Mr. Leonard Audi Apiyo is an Economist with valuable experience spanning over 13 years in the public sector in Kenya in development planning, public policy research and analysis, strategic planning, performance management and measurement, monitoring....more

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Mr. Edwin Sikaitwa

Head of Inclusive Insurance, FSD Zambia

Edwin is a Financial Inclusion expert currently serving as Head-Inclusive insurance at FSD Zambia. He has 13 years of industry experience in financial services which he leverages on in his current role to oversee projects that help strengthen the resilience and improve productivity of ...more

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Ms. Engwase Mwale

CEO, FSD Zambia

Engwase is a development practitioner and gender activist currently serving as the Chief Executive Officer for Financial Sector Deepening Zambia (FSD Zambia), an organisation that works closely with key players throughout the economy to ensure that all Zambians are financially healthy. Over the past...more

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Dr. Regis Hitimana

Chief Benefits officer, Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB)

Regis Hitimana was appointed as Deputy Director General in charge of Social Security Benefits at the Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB) in May 2020, which has changed to Chief Benefits officer since September 2022. Under these two positions he is overseeing the administration of six social security benefits ...more

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